{"id":49343,"date":"2022-03-15T14:03:51","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T14:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/?page_id=49343"},"modified":"2024-09-23T10:17:56","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T10:17:56","slug":"butterfly-valve-multi-purpose-analysis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/validation-cases\/butterfly-valve-multi-purpose-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Validation Case: Butterfly Valve with Multi-purpose solver"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This validation case belongs to fluid dynamics and the aim of this case is to validate the following parameters inside a pipe with a butterfly valve:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pressure drop using the Multi-purpose solver in SimScale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The simulation results of SimScale were compared to the results presented in the study done by Song, Xue Guan, and Park, Young Chui with the title &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iaeng.org\/publication\/WCECS2007\/WCECS2007_pp759-763.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Numerical Analysis of Butterfly Valve &#8211; Prediction of Flow Coefficient and Hydrodynamic Torque Coefficient<\/a>&#8220;\\(^1\\). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-btnWrapper hw-btnWrapper--alignCenter \">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/workbench\/?pid=4187687851748326071&#038;mi=spec%3Ad8840ef1-e630-4ca9-992c-ef6d3b074924%2Cservice%3ASIMULATION%2Cstrategy%3A287\" class=\"hw-btn    \" rel=\"noopener \" target=\"_blank\"    >\n        View Project    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"geometry\"  >Geometry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The model used in this validation case is a pipe with a disc-shaped butterfly valve inside, which can be seen below:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/10\/Model-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"301\" nonce='a324c752b8b66e2022940c01d14350d0' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/10\/Model-1-1024x301.jpg\" alt=\"butterfly valve at 20 degrees inside pipe\" class=\"wp-image-33691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/10\/Model-1-1024x301.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/10\/Model-1-300x88.jpg 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/10\/Model-1-768x226.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/10\/Model-1.jpg 1129w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1: Pipe model with butterfly valve inside the opening at 20\u00b0 angle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The dimensions of the pipe can be seen in the table below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Dimension<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Value \\([m]\\)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Upstream length<\/td><td>14.4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Downstream length<\/td><td>27<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Valve &amp; pipe diameter (D)<\/td><td>1.8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Valve maximum thickness<\/td><td>0.36<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 1: Pipe and valve dimension<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9 variants of valve opening angles ranging from 20\u00b0 to 85\u00b0 were used as a comparison to the reference study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"analysis-type-and-mesh\"  >Analysis Type and Mesh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Analysis Type<\/strong>: Steady-state, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/subsonic-cartesian\/\">Multi-purpose<\/a> with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/global-settings\/k-epsilon\/\">K-Epsilon<\/a> turbulence model<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mesh and Element Types<\/strong>: <span style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">The<\/span> mesh was created with SimScale&#8217;s <em>Multi-purpose<\/em> mesh type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mesh-sensitivity\"  >Mesh Sensitivity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/subsonic-cartesian\/#mesh-settings\">Multi-purpose meshing<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>algorithm with hexahedral cells was used to generate the mesh. For this simulation, refinement level 8 was chosen for the comparison of different valve openings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Mesh Type<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Number of cells<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Element Type<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Automatic Level 8<\/td><td>99000<\/td><td>3D Tetrahedral\/Hexahedral<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 2: Mesh data for butterfly valve validation case<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Mesh-Valve-opening-angle-50-deg.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"124\" nonce='a324c752b8b66e2022940c01d14350d0' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Mesh-Valve-opening-angle-50-deg-1024x124.png\" alt=\"Mesh Valve opening angle 50 deg cutting plane butterfly valve Multi-purpose\" class=\"wp-image-49414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Mesh-Valve-opening-angle-50-deg-1024x124.png 1024w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Mesh-Valve-opening-angle-50-deg-300x36.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Mesh-Valve-opening-angle-50-deg-768x93.png 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Mesh-Valve-opening-angle-50-deg.png 1486w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 2: Mesh within the flow domain with fineness level 8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Mesh-Valve-opening-angle-50-deg-ISO.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"753\" height=\"553\" nonce='a324c752b8b66e2022940c01d14350d0' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Mesh-Valve-opening-angle-50-deg-ISO.png\" alt=\"Mesh Valve opening angle 50 deg ISO butterfly valve Multi-purpose\" class=\"wp-image-49413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Mesh-Valve-opening-angle-50-deg-ISO.png 753w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Mesh-Valve-opening-angle-50-deg-ISO-300x220.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 753px) 100vw, 753px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 3: Multi-purpose meshing performed on the valve with refinement around the edge of the valve<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"simulation-setup\"  >Simulation Setup<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fluid<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Water\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kinematic viscosity \\((\\nu)\\): 9.338e-7 \\(m^2\/s\\) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Density \\((\\rho)\\): 997.3 \\(kg\/m^3\\)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Boundary Conditions<\/strong>: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/09\/BoundaryCondition.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"164\" nonce='a324c752b8b66e2022940c01d14350d0' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/09\/BoundaryCondition-1024x164.jpg\" alt=\"boundary condition overview butterfly valve Multi-purpose\" class=\"wp-image-33502\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/09\/BoundaryCondition-1024x164.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/09\/BoundaryCondition-300x48.jpg 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/09\/BoundaryCondition-768x123.jpg 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/09\/BoundaryCondition.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 4: Boundary condition overview where the flow goes from left to right<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The boundary conditions are the same for all opening angles and were assigned as shown in Table 3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Boundary Condition<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Value<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Velocity inlet<\/td><td>3 \\(m\/s\\)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pressure outlet<\/td><td>0 \\(Pa\\)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>No-slip wall<\/td><td>Pipe walls and valve surface<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 3: Boundary conditions for pipe and valve<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reference-solution\"  >Reference Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reference solution for the flow coefficient and the torque coefficient is given in the following formulae:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Flow coefficient<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$$c_v = Q \\sqrt{\\frac{S_g}{\\Delta P}} \\tag{1}$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\\(c_v\\): flow coefficient<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\\(Q\\): flow discharge \\((GPM-Gallons\\,per\\,minute)\\)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\\(\\Delta P\\): pressure drop \\((psi)\\)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\\(S_g\\): specific gravity of water<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Torque coefficient<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">$$c_t = \\frac{T(x)}{\\Delta P \\times d^3} \\tag{2}$$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-091b414d-20f1-4549-9c1a-759cfed4577b\">\n<li>\\(c_t\\): torque coefficient<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\\(T(x)\\): torque in the x-axis \\((N.m)\\)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\\(\\Delta P\\): pressure drop \\((psi)\\)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\\(d\\): diameter of pipe \\((in)\\)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"result-comparison\"  >Result Comparison<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comparison of the flow coefficient obtained from SimScale against the reference results obtained from [1] is given below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Flow-Coefficient-_-Valve-Opening-Angle.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"760\" height=\"485\" nonce='a324c752b8b66e2022940c01d14350d0' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Flow-Coefficient-_-Valve-Opening-Angle.png\" alt=\"Valve validation Flow Coefficient _ Valve Opening Angle -Multi-purpose\" class=\"wp-image-49443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Flow-Coefficient-_-Valve-Opening-Angle.png 760w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Flow-Coefficient-_-Valve-Opening-Angle-300x191.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 5: Flow coefficient comparison between reference results and SimScale<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"deviation-to-reference\"  >Deviation to Reference<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deviation of the results gained from SimScale in comparison to the results obtained from [1] can be seen in Figure 6. The deviation gets very close to the reference results for the opening angle from 50-70 degrees. It has to be noted that small valve opening angles are deviating highly, which is expected according to  Song, Xue Guan, and Park, Young Chui\\(^1\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, it must be noticed that at valve opening smaller than 20 degrees, the minimum error between CFX simulation and experimental data reach to 49.27958%.<\/p>\n<cite>  Song, Xue Guan and Park, Young Chui Reference [1]<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Deviation-_-Valve-Opening-Angle.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"875\" height=\"404\" nonce='a324c752b8b66e2022940c01d14350d0' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Deviation-_-Valve-Opening-Angle.png\" alt=\"deviation percentage against valve opening angle\" class=\"wp-image-49442\" style=\"width:840px;height:388px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Deviation-_-Valve-Opening-Angle.png 875w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Deviation-_-Valve-Opening-Angle-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Deviation-_-Valve-Opening-Angle-768x355.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 875px) 100vw, 875px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 6: Deviation of SimScale results in comparison to the experimental data. <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The flow contours inside the pipe when the valve is opened at the simulated opening angles as observed in our online post-processor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-20-35-deg.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"323\" nonce='a324c752b8b66e2022940c01d14350d0' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-20-35-deg-1024x323.png\" alt=\"Valve comparison subsonic Validation Velocity  20 -35 deg\" class=\"wp-image-49452\" style=\"width:1025px;height:323px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-20-35-deg-1024x323.png 1024w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-20-35-deg-300x95.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-20-35-deg-768x243.png 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-20-35-deg-1536x485.png 1536w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-20-35-deg-2048x647.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 7: Velocity magnitude contours inside the pipe at the centerline when the valve is opened at a 20\u00b0 &#8211; 35\u00b0 angle.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-50-80-deg.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"352\" nonce='a324c752b8b66e2022940c01d14350d0' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-50-80-deg-1024x352.png\" alt=\"Valve comparison subsonic Validation Velocity 50-80 deg\" class=\"wp-image-49458\" style=\"width:1021px;height:351px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-50-80-deg-1024x352.png 1024w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-50-80-deg-300x103.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-50-80-deg-768x264.png 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-50-80-deg-1536x527.png 1536w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2022\/02\/Valve_comparision-50-80-deg-2048x703.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 8: Velocity magnitude contours inside the pipe at the centerline when the valve is opened at a 50\u00b0 &#8211; 80\u00b0 angle.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n<div class='hw-block hw-references hw-references'>\n    <p class='hw-references__title'>References<\/p>\n    <ul class='hw-references__list'>\n\n        <li><cite><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iaeng.org\/publication\/WCECS2007\/WCECS2007_pp759-763.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Song, Xue Guan, Park, Young Chui, Numerical Analysis of Butterfly Valve &#8211; Prediction of Flow Coefficient and Hydrodynamic Torque Coefficient, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2007, 2007.<\/a><\/cite><\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--info hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Note<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>If you still encounter problems validating you simulation, then please post the issue on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/forum\/\">forum<\/a> or <a href=\"mailto:support@simscale.com\">contact us<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This validation case belongs to fluid dynamics and the aim of this case is to validate the following parameters inside a...","protected":false},"author":143,"featured_media":49413,"parent":17191,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-documentation.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49343","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49343","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/143"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49343"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49343\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17191"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/49413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}