{"id":35598,"date":"2021-01-06T18:15:49","date_gmt":"2021-01-06T18:15:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/?page_id=35598"},"modified":"2023-03-01T14:41:18","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T14:41:18","slug":"flange-under-bolt-preload","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/validation-cases\/flange-under-bolt-preload\/","title":{"rendered":"Validation Case: Flange Under Bolt Preload"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This validation case belongs to structural analysis, with the case of a pipe flange under the effect of bolt preload. The aim of this test case is to validate the following parameters:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/bolt-preload\/\">Bolt preload<\/a> boundary condition<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The simulation results from SimScale were compared to test case results presented in [SSNV228]\\(^1\\). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-btnWrapper hw-btnWrapper--alignCenter \">\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/workbench\/?pid=7860115460659495850&#038;mi=spec%3A472aaaee-8338-44e1-ba87-5affe3836b98%2Cservice%3ASIMULATION%2Cstrategy%3A39\" class=\"hw-btn    \" rel=\"noopener \" target=\"_blank\"    >\n        View Project    <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"geometry\" >Geometry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The geometry used for the case is shown below: <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/12\/image-1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"565\" height=\"827\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/12\/image-1.png\" alt=\"flange bolt preload geometry model\" class=\"wp-image-35599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/12\/image-1.png 565w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/12\/image-1-205x300.png 205w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 565px) 100vw, 565px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1: Only one quarter of the flange, corresponding to one bolt is modeled.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It represents a quarter section of a pipe bolted flange pair. The bolt shaft is simplified as a cylinder, as well as the nut. The model includes the pipe sections, flanges, a bolt, nuts, washers, and a gasket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"analysis-type-and-mesh\" >Analysis Type and Mesh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tool Type<\/strong>: Code Aster<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Analysis Type<\/strong>: Non-linear <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/static\/\">Static <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mesh and Element Types<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Mesh Type<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Number of Cells<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Number of <\/strong><br><strong>Nodes<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Element Type<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">Standard (structured)<\/td><td>          50210<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">62344<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1st Order Hexahedrals and Pyramids<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 1: Mesh details<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mesh was computed using SimScale&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/standard\/\">Standard Mesher<\/a> algorithm. To optimize the performance of the FEA model, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/standard\/#sweep-meshing-refinement\"><strong>Sweep meshing<\/strong><\/a> refinement was used on the different parts, resulting in a structured mesh. Such a mesh consists of mapped hexahedral and pyramid elements, as can be seen in the figure:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-9.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-9.png\" alt=\"structured mesh flange bolt preload validation case\" class=\"wp-image-66194\" width=\"537\" height=\"906\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-9.png 537w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-9-178x300.png 178w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 537px) 100vw, 537px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 2: Finite elements structured mesh used for the simulation generated with the standard algorithm<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"simulation-setup\" >Simulation Setup<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Material<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elastic Modulus \\(E = \\) 200 \\(GPa\\)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poison&#8217;s ratio \\(\\nu = \\) 0.3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Boundary Conditions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Constraints:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Symmetry plane on the XZ plane faces<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Symmetry plane on the YZ plane faces<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Symmetry plane on pipe end faces<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contacts:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bonded contact between the pipes and flange necks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bonded contact between the flange faces and washers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bonded contact between the washers and nuts<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bonded contact between the nuts and bolt shaft<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Physical contact between the flanges and seal ring<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Load:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bolt preload of 3393 \\(N\\)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pressure on internal pipe, flange and seal faces \\(P = \\) 1e-6 \\(Pa\\), automatically ramped from zero to the maximum value.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reference-solution\" >Reference Solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reference solution is of the numerical type, as presented in [SSNV228]\\(^1\\). It is given in terms of the mean stress on the bolt shaft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">$$ \\sigma_{bolt} = 30\\ MPa $$<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"result-comparison\" >Result Comparison<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comparison of the axial bolt stress \\(\\sigma_{ZZ}\\) at a point data result control item located on the bolt shaft with the theoretical solution is presented below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">FIELD<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">COMPUTED<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">REF<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">ERROR<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\\(\\sigma_{ZZ}\\) \\((SIZZ)\\) \\([MPa]\\)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">30.3135<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">30.0<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">1.05 %<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Table 2: Results comparison and computed errors<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Illustration of the deformed shape and stress distribution on the flange under bolt preload condition is presented in Figure 3, while the overall distribution of the axial stress on the bolt \\(\\sigma_{ZZ}\\) is presented in Figure 4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-10.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"898\" height=\"802\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-10.png\" alt=\"stress contours developed due to bolt preload flange\" class=\"wp-image-66207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-10.png 898w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-10-300x268.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-10-768x686.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 898px) 100vw, 898px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 3: Deformed shape and stress contour on the bolted flange<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-11.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"726\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-11-1024x726.png\" alt=\"stress on bolt in preload\" class=\"wp-image-66208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-11-1024x726.png 1024w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-11-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-11-768x544.png 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/image-11.png 1099w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 4: Stress contour plot for \\(\\sigma_{ZZ}\\) \\((SIZZ)\\), showing the distribution of the axial stress in the bolt. Stress concentrations can be seen varying from the reference value of 30 MPa.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n<div class='hw-block hw-references hw-references'>\n    <p class='hw-references__title'>References<\/p>\n    <ul class='hw-references__list'>\n\n        <li><cite><a href='https:\/\/www.code-aster.org\/V2\/doc\/default\/en\/man_v\/v6\/v6.04.228.pdf' target='_blank'>SSNV228 &#8211; &#8220;Mise en pr\u00e9-tension d\u2019un goujon&#8221; &#8211; Code_Aster validation case.<\/a><\/cite><\/li>\n    <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--info hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Note<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>If you still encounter problems validating you simulation, then please post the issue on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/forum\/\">forum<\/a> or <a href=\"mailto:support@simscale.com\">contact us<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This validation case belongs to structural analysis, with the case of a pipe flange under the effect of bolt preload. The aim...","protected":false},"author":115,"featured_media":0,"parent":17191,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-documentation.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-35598","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/115"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35598"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35598\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17191"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}