{"id":17621,"date":"2018-11-24T17:13:37","date_gmt":"2018-11-24T17:13:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/?page_id=17621"},"modified":"2025-07-17T15:55:31","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T15:55:31","slug":"convective-heat-transfer-analysis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/convective-heat-transfer-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Convective Heat Transfer Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Convective heat transfer<\/strong> analysis&nbsp;can be used in cases where temperature changes in the fluid lead to changes in density. As a result, the fluid circulates under the influence of gravity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-63.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"942\" height=\"631\" nonce='689ba45a9f4e75dc59260472cf26e81a' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-63.png\" alt=\"convective heat transfer in a car cabin\" class=\"wp-image-98769\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-63.png 942w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-63-300x201.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-63-768x514.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 942px) 100vw, 942px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1: Convection in a car cabin<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='creating-a-convective-heat-transfer-analysis' id='creating-a-convective-heat-transfer-analysis' id=\"creating-a-convective-heat-transfer-analysis\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Creating a Convective Heat Transfer Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To create a convective heat transfer analysis, the first step is to select the desired geometry and then click on &#8216;<strong>Create Simulation<\/strong>&#8216;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-61.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"680\" height=\"309\" nonce='41e6a62349a9d95fe404357c78ac8d5e' nonce='57b931cce1e77cad866e394d2b941a0a' nonce='689ba45a9f4e75dc59260472cf26e81a' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-61.png\" alt=\"creating a convective heat transfer analysis for a geometry\" class=\"wp-image-98759\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-61.png 680w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-61-300x136.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 2: Creating a new convective heat transfer analysis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Afterward, a window with available analysis types appears as follows: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-21.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1097\" height=\"884\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-21.png\" alt=\"convective heat transfer analysis type\" class=\"wp-image-106566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-21.png 1097w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-21-300x242.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-21-1024x825.png 1024w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-21-768x619.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1097px) 100vw, 1097px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 3: Steps to create a convective heat transfer analysis in SimScale<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Choose the <strong>&#8216;Convective Heat Transfer&#8217;<\/strong> type from the list and confirm your choice by clicking the &#8216;<strong>Create Simulation<\/strong>&#8216; button. The following simulation tree with the corresponding settings should appear:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-62.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"276\" height=\"512\" nonce='41e6a62349a9d95fe404357c78ac8d5e' nonce='57b931cce1e77cad866e394d2b941a0a' nonce='689ba45a9f4e75dc59260472cf26e81a' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-62.png\" alt=\"simulation tree heat transfer analysis\" class=\"wp-image-98760\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-62.png 276w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-62-162x300.png 162w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 4: Simulation tree showing entries for a convective heat transfer analysis type.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id='global-settings' id='global-settings' id=\"global-settings\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Global Settings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To access the global settings, click on &#8216;<strong>convective heat transfer<\/strong>&#8216; in the simulation tree. In there, users can configure a series of parameters, namely:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Toggle <em>compressible<\/em> on or off;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enable or disable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/convective-heat-transfer-analysis\/radiation\/\">radiation<\/a>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Choose the <em>turbulence model<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Select a <em>steady-state<\/em> or <em>transient<\/em> analysis;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Define the number of <em>passive species<\/em> being modeled.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information about each one of these entries, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/global-settings\/\">global settings<\/a> page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='geometry' id='geometry' id=\"geometry\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Geometry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>geometry<\/em> tab contains the CAD model used for the simulation. Details of CAD handling are described in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simwiki\/preprocessing\/\">pre-processing<\/a> section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--warning hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Important<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>For convective heat transfer simulations, the solid parts should <b>not<\/b> be in the domain. Only the fluid domain is necessary.\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn SimScale, it&#8217;s possible to use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/knowledge-base\/flow-volume-extraction\/\">flow volume extraction operations<\/a> to create a flow region and remove the solid parts from the domain.\r\nAlternatively, it&#8217;s also possible to create the flow domain in your local CAD software.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Find more details on CAD preparation and upload&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/cad-preparation\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='model' id='model' id=\"model\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Model<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the <em>model<\/em>, gravity can be defined. If any passive species are being modeled, their <em>diffusion coefficient<\/em> can also be specified. Lastly, in case <em>LES Smagorinsky<\/em> or <em>LES Spalart-Allmaras<\/em> have been set as a turbulence model,&nbsp;their cutoff length can also be configured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Find further information about the model tab <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/model\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='materials' id='materials' id=\"materials\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Materials<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the <em>Materials<\/em> tab, users should specify a fluid for the domain. For more information, please check the relevant documentation page for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/materials\/\">materials<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='initial-conditions' id='initial-conditions' id=\"initial-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Initial Conditions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Initial conditions define the values which the solutions fields will be initialized with. They play a vital role in the stability and computing time of the simulation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a convective heat transfer analysis, the <em>velocity,<\/em> <em>temperature<\/em>, <em>pressure<\/em>, and <em>passive scalar<\/em> fields can either be initialized uniformly or separately via&nbsp;<em>subdomains<\/em> for each region. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a complete list of parameters and initialization methods, check out this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/initial-conditions\/\">page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--warning hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Important<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>It is recommended to set the\u00a0initial conditions\u00a0close to the expected solution to avoid potential convergence problems.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='boundary-conditions' id='boundary-conditions' id=\"boundary-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Boundary Conditions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Boundary conditions<\/em> define the external input parameters for the simulation. For a complete list of boundary conditions and a description of how they work, make sure to check this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/\">page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some boundary conditions available in convective heat transfer simulations are supported in parametric experiments. Find an overview of parametric studies in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/knowledge-base\/how-to-run-parametric-studies-in-simscale\/\">this article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--warning hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Important<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>In case no boundary conditions are assigned to a face, by default it will receive a no-slip wall boundary condition with adiabatic condition (zero gradient) for temperature.\r\n<br>\r\nFurthermore, if radiation is enabled, these faces will also be modeled as grey bodies with 0.9 emissivity.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='advanced-concepts' id='advanced-concepts' id=\"advanced-concepts\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Advanced Concepts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under <em>advanced concepts<\/em>, you will find additional setup options, such as rotating zones, power sources, momentum sources, porous media, and passive scalar sources. Visit this dedicated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/advanced-concepts\/\">page<\/a> for more information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moreover, momentum sources, power sources, and rotating zones are supported in parametric experiments. Please visit&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/knowledge-base\/how-to-run-parametric-studies-in-simscale\/\">this article<\/a>&nbsp;for more details.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--info hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Note<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>It&#8217;s not possible to create rotating zones if radiation is enabled.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='numerics' id='numerics' id=\"numerics\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Numerics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numerical settings play an important role in the simulation configuration. When they are set correctly, they enhance the stability and robustness of the simulation. In most cases, the standard settings should be acceptable, and should not be changed without reason. Find further information <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/numerics\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--info hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Note<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>SimScale uses its own version of  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openfoam.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">OpenFOAM\u00ae<\/a> solvers developed in-house.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='simulation-control' id='simulation-control' id=\"simulation-control\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Simulation Control<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<em>simulation control<\/em> settings define the general controls over the simulation. In this tab, a series of variables can be set. For example, the <em>end time<\/em> and <em>maximum runtime<\/em> for the simulation can be defined. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a complete overview of the parameters and their meaning, check this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/simulation-control\/\">page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='result-control' id='result-control' id=\"result-control\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Result Control<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Result control<\/em> allows users to define additional simulation result outputs. These monitors are helpful to assess the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/knowledge-base\/how-to-check-convergence-of-a-cfd-simulation\/\">convergence<\/a> of a simulation. Amongst the available result controls, we have <em>probe points<\/em> and <em>area averages<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Find more details about result controls <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/result-control\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='mesh' id='mesh' id=\"mesh\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Mesh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meshing is the discretization of the simulation domain. It essentially means to split up a large problem into multiple smaller mathematical problems. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a convective heat transfer analysis, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/standard\/\">standard<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/hex-dominant\/\">hex-dominant<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/hex-dominant\/#advanced-settings-parametric\">hex-dominant parametric<\/a> algorithms are available. For more information about meshes, make sure to check the dedicated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/\">page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='example-projects' id='example-projects' id=\"example-projects\" class=\"wp-block-heading\" >Example Projects<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/tutorials\/thermal-comfort\/\">User Guide: Thermal Comfort in a Theater Room<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/tutorial-thermal-comfort-of-a-meeting-room\/\">Tutorial: HVAC Simulation in an Office Environment<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/projects\/ananthu_ajit\/warehouse_-_thermal_comfort_simscale_demo\/\">Thermal Comfort in a Warehouse<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Convective heat transfer analysis&nbsp;can be used in cases where temperature changes in the fluid lead to changes in density....","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"parent":17174,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-documentation.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17621","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/94"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17621"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17621\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}