{"id":17619,"date":"2018-11-24T17:08:15","date_gmt":"2018-11-24T17:08:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/?page_id=17619"},"modified":"2025-07-17T16:28:30","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T16:28:30","slug":"multiphase-fluid-flow-analysis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/multiphase-fluid-flow-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Multiphase Fluid Flow Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<strong>multiphase<\/strong> fluid flow analysis&nbsp;is used to simulate the time-dependent behavior of two incompressible, isothermal, immiscible fluid mixtures using the VOF (Volume of Fluid) method. Please be aware that currently, the multiphase analysis is limited to flow speeds up to 15 \\( \\frac{m}{s}\\).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/07\/Waterfall-multiphase-flow.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"749\" height=\"399\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/07\/Waterfall-multiphase-flow.jpg\" alt=\"waterfall multiphase simulation result contours\" class=\"wp-image-31059\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/07\/Waterfall-multiphase-flow.jpg 749w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/07\/Waterfall-multiphase-flow-300x160.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 749px) 100vw, 749px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1: Multiphase flow simulation of a waterfall<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='creating-a-multiphase-analysis' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"creating-a-multiphase-analysis\">Creating a Multiphase Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To create a multiphase analysis, the first step is to select the desired geometry and then click on &#8216;<strong>Create Simulation<\/strong>&#8216;:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"329\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-7.png\" alt=\"creating a multiphase analysis for a geometry\" class=\"wp-image-98981\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-7.png 780w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-7-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-7-768x324.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 2: Creating a new multiphase analysis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Afterward, a window with available analysis types appears as follows: <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-24.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1097\" height=\"884\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-24.png\" alt=\"multiphase analysis\" class=\"wp-image-106576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-24.png 1097w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-24-300x242.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-24-1024x825.png 1024w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-24-768x619.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1097px) 100vw, 1097px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 3: Steps to create a multiphase analysis in SimScale<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--warning hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Specialized Analysis Type<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p><em>Multiphase<\/em> is a specialized analysis type restricted to users with a paid plan. For more details please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/product\/pricing\/\">product &#038; pricing page<\/a> or contact sales. <br><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Choose the &#8216;<strong>Multiphase<\/strong>&#8216; analysis type from the list and confirm your choice by clicking the &#8216;<strong>Create Simulation<\/strong>&#8216; button. The following simulation tree with the corresponding settings should appear:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/07\/2020-07-02_15-29-03-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"257\" height=\"614\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/07\/2020-07-02_15-29-03-2.jpg\" alt=\"simulation tree multiphase analysis\" class=\"wp-image-31125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/07\/2020-07-02_15-29-03-2.jpg 257w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/07\/2020-07-02_15-29-03-2-126x300.jpg 126w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 4: Simulation tree showing entries for a multiphase analysis type.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--success hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Multiphase using Multi-purpose analysis type<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>Users can now perform multiphase simulations within the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/multi-purpose-analysis\/multiphase\/\">Multi-purpose analysis type<\/a>  as well for transient simulations.\r\nThe <em>Multiphase<\/em> toggle appears under the global settings. <br> Some advantages over the traditional multiphase solver are: <li>Quick and stable convergence with automatic CFL adjustment<li>Robust binary tree based mesher<li>Parameterization and CAD associativity<\/li> <b<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-simscale wp-block-embed-simscale\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"YAfsShOf6S\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/multi-purpose-analysis\/multiphase\/\">Multi-purpose Multiphase<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Multi-purpose Multiphase&#8221; &#8212; SimScale\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/multi-purpose-analysis\/multiphase\/embed\/#?secret=wxVwzDr6ML#?secret=YAfsShOf6S\" data-secret=\"YAfsShOf6S\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='global-settings' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"global-settings\">Global Settings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To access the <em>global settings<\/em>, click on &#8216;<strong>Multiphase<\/strong>&#8216; in the simulation tree. Here, users can configure the following parameters:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Use local time stepping<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Turbulence model<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information about these entries, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/global-settings\/\">global settings<\/a> page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--info hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Note<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>Multiphase analysis is inherently transient. With the <i>local time stepping<\/i> option enabled, users can accelerate the convergence towards a steady-state approximation.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='geometry' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"geometry\">Geometry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>Geometry<\/em> tab contains the CAD model used for the simulation. Details of CAD handling are described in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simwiki\/preprocessing\/\">pre-processing<\/a> section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--warning hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Important<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>For multiphase simulations, the solid parts should <b>not<\/b> be in the domain. Only the fluid region is necessary.\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIn SimScale, it&#8217;s possible to use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/knowledge-base\/flow-volume-extraction\/\">flow volume extraction operations<\/a> to create a flow region and remove the solid parts from the domain.\r\nAlternatively, it&#8217;s also possible to create the flow domain in your local CAD software.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Find more details on CAD preparation and upload&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/cad-preparation\/\">here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='model' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"model\">Model<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the <em>Model<\/em> entry, a series of physics-related parameters are defined:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Gravity<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Surface tension<\/em> for the interface between the phases;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lastly, in case <em>LES Smagorinsky<\/em> or <em>LES Spalart-Allmaras<\/em> have been set as the turbulence model,&nbsp;their cutoff length can also be configured.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Find further information about these parameters <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/model\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='materials' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"materials\">Materials<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the <em>Materials<\/em> tab, users should specify the materials for the domain. An overview of the materials set up is available on this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/materials\/\">documentation page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--info hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Note<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>In a multiphase simulation, the same volume can receive more than one material assignment. Keep in mind that only two phases can be modeled.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='initial-conditions' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"initial-conditions\">Initial Conditions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Initial conditions define the values which the solutions fields will be initialized with. Since multiphase analyses are always transient, the initial conditions play a major role in the simulation setup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As highlighted in Figure 4, the <em>Phase fraction<\/em>, <em>Velocity<\/em>, and <em>Modified pressure<\/em> can either be initialized uniformly or separately via&nbsp;<em>Subdomains<\/em> for each region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A complete list of parameters and initialization methods is available <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/initial-conditions\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='boundary-conditions' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"boundary-conditions\">Boundary Conditions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Boundary conditions<\/em> define the external input parameters for the simulation. This documentation <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/\">page<\/a> contains a detailed description of how each boundary condition works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some boundary conditions available in multiphase studies are supported in parametric experiments. Learn more details about parametric studies in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/knowledge-base\/how-to-run-parametric-studies-in-simscale\/\">this article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--warning hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Important<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>In case no boundary conditions are assigned to a face, it will automatically receive a no-slip wall boundary condition with zero gradient for phase fraction.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='advanced-concepts' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"advanced-concepts\">Advanced Concepts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following advanced concepts are only available when <em>Local time stepping<\/em> is disabled:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/advanced-concepts\/rotating-zones\/\">Rotating Zones<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/advanced-concepts\/solid-body-motions\/\">Solid Body Motions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moreover, rotating zones are supported in parametric studies. This <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/knowledge-base\/how-to-run-parametric-studies-in-simscale\/\">dedicated page<\/a> contains more details about the workflow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='numerics' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"numerics\">Numerics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numerical settings play an important role in the simulation configuration. When they are set correctly, they enhance the stability and robustness of the simulation. In most cases, the standard settings are acceptable, and should not be changed without a reason.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More on the numerics topic can be found <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/numerics\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--info hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Note<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>SimScale uses its own version of  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openfoam.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">OpenFOAM\u00ae<\/a> solvers developed in-house.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='simulation-control' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"simulation-control\">Simulation Control<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<em>simulation control<\/em> settings define the general controls over the simulation. In this tab, a series of variables can be set. For example, the <em>Delta t<\/em> settings for time step size, and <em>End time<\/em> for the simulation can be defined. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a complete overview of the parameters and their meaning, check out this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/simulation-control\/\">page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='result-control' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"result-control\">Result Control<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Result control<\/em> allows users to define additional simulation result outputs. Once result controls are set, it&#8217;s possible to see how key parameters are changing over time. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amongst the available result controls, we have <em>Probe points<\/em> and <em>Forces and moments<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Find more details about result controls <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/result-control\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='mesh' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mesh\">Mesh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Meshing is the discretization of the simulation domain. It essentially means to split up a large problem into multiple smaller mathematical problems. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a multiphase analysis, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/standard\/\">standard<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/hex-dominant\/\">hex-dominant<\/a> algorithms are available. For more information about meshes, make sure to check the dedicated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/\">page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--warning hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Important<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>We recommend the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/hex-dominant\/\">Hex-dominant <\/a> meshing algorithm for multiphase analysis. \r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIt&#8217;s worth noting that the mesh cell sizes are directly related to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/blog\/2017\/08\/cfl-condition\/\">Courant number<\/a>. Smaller cells will result in smaller timesteps.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The&nbsp;multiphase fluid flow analysis&nbsp;is used to simulate the time-dependent behavior of two incompressible,...","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"parent":17174,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-documentation.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17619","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17619","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/94"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17619"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17619\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}