{"id":17600,"date":"2018-11-22T11:41:46","date_gmt":"2018-11-22T11:41:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/?page_id=17600"},"modified":"2025-07-17T15:53:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T15:53:43","slug":"compressible-fluid-flow-analysis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/compressible-fluid-flow-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Compressible Fluid Flow Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<strong>Compressible <\/strong>fluid flow analysis&nbsp;is used to run simulations where fluid density variations have a considerable impact on the flow simulations. Commonly, when the flow velocities exceed ~30% of the speed of sound, compressible effects start to gain importance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/08\/golf_ball_compressible.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"463\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/08\/golf_ball_compressible.jpg\" alt=\"compressible golf ball simulation\" class=\"wp-image-32773\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/08\/golf_ball_compressible.jpg 724w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/08\/golf_ball_compressible-300x192.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1: Compressible aerodynamics simulation over a golf ball showing pressure contours on and around it<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SimScale makes it possible to simulate compressible simulations. In the following, the setup for a compressible simulation is discussed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='creating-a-compressible-analysis' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"creating-a-compressible-analysis\">Creating a Compressible Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To create a compressible analysis, first, select the desired geometry and click on <strong>&#8216;Create Simulation&#8217;<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-58.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"680\" height=\"309\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-58.png\" alt=\"simulation steps in SimScale\" class=\"wp-image-98752\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-58.png 680w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2024\/12\/image-58-300x136.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 2: Steps to create a simulation in SimScale<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Next, a window with a list of several analysis types supported in SimScale will be displayed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-20.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1097\" height=\"884\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-20.png\" alt=\"compressible analysis type\" class=\"wp-image-106562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-20.png 1097w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-20-300x242.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-20-1024x825.png 1024w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/07\/image-20-768x619.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1097px) 100vw, 1097px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 3: Select the <strong>&#8216;Compressible&#8217;<\/strong><em> <\/em>analysis type from the tree above and click on <strong>&#8216;Create Simulation&#8217;<\/strong> at the bottom.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--warning hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Specialized Analysis Type<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p><em>Compressible<\/em> is a specialized analysis type restricted to users with a paid plan. For more details please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/product\/pricing\/\">product &#038; pricing page<\/a> or contact sales. <br><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Choose the <strong>&#8216;Compressible&#8217;<\/strong> analysis type and click on <strong>&#8216;Create Simulation&#8217;<\/strong>. This will lead to the Workbench for the compressible flow simulation with the following simulation tree and the respective settings.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/08\/compressible-list.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"257\" height=\"523\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/08\/compressible-list.png\" alt=\"simulation tree with compressible flow in simscale\" class=\"wp-image-32766\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/08\/compressible-list.png 257w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2020\/08\/compressible-list-147x300.png 147w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 4: Simulation tree for compressible analysis in SimScale Workbench<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id='global-settings' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"global-settings\">Global Settings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To access the global settings, click on &#8216;<strong>Compressible<\/strong>&#8216; in the simulation tree. It consists of certain parameters that can be selected to define the simulation. The parameters are listed below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Turbulence model<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Time dependency<\/em>: <em>Steady state<\/em> or <em>Transient<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Based on: Pressure<\/em> (only for transient simulations)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For detailed information about each of these parameters, visit the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/global-settings\/\">global settings<\/a>&nbsp;page.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='geometry' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"geometry\">Geometry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <em>Geometry <\/em>section allows you to view and select the CAD model required for the simulation. It is important that the CAD model is well prepared to avoid any meshing or simulation related errors. Find more details on CAD preparation and upload <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/cad-preparation\/\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='model' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"model\">Model<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This section only appears if an LES (large eddy simulation) turbulence model is chosen inside global settings. Here, parameters related to the delta coefficient in LES need to be specified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Find further information about the model section&nbsp;<a rel=\" noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/model\/\" >here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='materials' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"materials\">Materials<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here, the appropriate fluid for the simulation can be specified. Since temperature is an important property for compressible simulations user needs to specify the corresponding <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/materials\/thermophysical-fluid-models\/\">thermophysical properties<\/a> for the fluid in consideration.<em> <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more information, please visit the relevant documentation page for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/materials\/\">materials<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='initial-conditions' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"initial-conditions\">Initial Conditions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a compressible&nbsp;simulation, the computational domain will be solved for three fields: pressure \\((P)\\), velocity \\((U)\\), and temperature \\((T)\\). Additional turbulent transport quantities may be included based on the turbulence model selected. Under <em>Initial conditions<\/em>, these values can be initialized for the whole domain or a sub-domain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--warning hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Important<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>For any simulation, initial and boundary conditions must be specified for all required variables on every boundary. <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is recommended to set the&nbsp;<strong>initial conditions<\/strong>&nbsp;close to the expected solution to avoid potential convergence problems. Alternatively, SimScale provides the possibility to use a potential flow solver to initialize the field before starting the actual simulation. This option is available under&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/simulation-control\/\">Simulation Control<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Learn how the initialization process takes place in depth in this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/initial-conditions\/\">document<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='boundary-conditions' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"boundary-conditions\">Boundary Conditions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Boundary conditions help to add a closure to the problem in hand by defining how a system interacts with the environment. Check out this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/\">detailed list<\/a> of available boundary conditions and how they can be applied to the domain boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some boundary conditions available in compressible simulations are supported in parametric experiments. Find more information about parametric studies in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/knowledge-base\/how-to-run-parametric-studies-in-simscale\/\">this article<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--warning hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Important<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>In case no boundary conditions are assigned to a face, by default it will receive a <b>no-slip<\/b>  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/wall\/\">wall boundary condition<\/a> with wall function for turbulence resolution along with a <b>zero-gradient<\/b> condition for temperature.\r\n <\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='advanced-concepts' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"advanced-concepts\">Advanced Concepts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under <em>Advanced concepts<\/em>, you will find additional setup options, such as <em>rotating zones, momentum sources, porous media, solid body motions, and passive scalar sources<\/em>. Visit this dedicated <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/advanced-concepts\/\">page<\/a> for more information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Moreover, parametric experiments support momentum sources and rotating zones. Please visit&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/knowledge-base\/how-to-run-parametric-studies-in-simscale\/\">this article<\/a>&nbsp;for more details.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='numerics' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"numerics\">Numerics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numerical settings play an important role in the simulation configuration. They define how to solve the equations by applying proper discretization schemes and solvers to the equations. They help enhance the stability and robustness of the simulation. Although all numerical settings are made available for users to have full control over, it is advised to keep them default unless necessary. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-block hw-note hw-note--info hw-note\">\n    <div class=\"hw-note__title\">\n        <p class=\"hw-note__titleText\"><i class=\"fa fa-exclamation-circle\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>Note<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"hw-note__body\">\n        <p>SimScale uses its own version of  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openfoam.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">OpenFOAM\u00ae<\/a> solvers developed in-house.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numerical settings are recommended for advanced users but interested readers are encouraged to learn more about them through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/numerics\/\">this documentation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='simulation-control' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"simulation-control\">Simulation Control<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<em>Simulation control<\/em> settings define the general controls over the simulation. In this tab, a series of variables can be set. For example, the <em>End time<\/em> and <em>Maximum runtime<\/em> for the simulation can be defined. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a complete overview of the parameters and their meaning, check this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/simulation-control\/\">page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='result-control' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"result-control\">Result Control<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The<em> Result Control<\/em>&nbsp;section allows users to define additional simulation result outputs. It controls how the results will be written meaning the write frequency, location, statistics of the output data, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Find more details about result controls <a rel=\" noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/result-control\/\" >here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='mesh' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mesh\">Mesh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simwiki\/preprocessing\/what-is-a-mesh\/\">Meshing<\/a> is the process of discretization of the simulation domain. That means we split up a large domain into multiple smaller domains and solve equations for them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a compressible analysis, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/standard\/\">standard<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/hex-dominant\/\">hex-dominant<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/hex-dominant\/#advanced-settings-parametric\">hex-dominant parametric<\/a> algorithms are available. To learn more about the mesh settings in SimScale and its upload, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/meshing\/\">this page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='related-tutorials' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"related-tutorials\">Related Tutorials<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/tutorials\/tutorial-compressible-flow-simulation-around-a-wing\/\">Compressible Flow Simulation Around a Wing<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/tutorials\/compressible-cfd-simulation-golf-ball\/\">Compressible Flow Simulation of a Golf Ball<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The&nbsp;Compressible fluid flow analysis&nbsp;is used to run simulations where fluid density variations have a...","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"parent":17174,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-documentation.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17600","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17600","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17600"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17600\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17174"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}