{"id":17047,"date":"2018-11-05T08:23:33","date_gmt":"2018-11-05T08:23:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/?page_id=17047"},"modified":"2026-02-12T12:39:20","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T12:39:20","slug":"boundary-conditions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/","title":{"rendered":"Boundary Conditions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Boundary conditions define how a system, ( for example, a structure or a fluid ), interacts with the environment. Fixations, loads, pressures, flow rates, or velocities are all examples of boundary conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A boundary condition consists of three pieces of information:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Boundary condition types<\/strong>: SimScale offers a large set of boundary condition types for simulations. This section links to descriptions of the available boundary condition types.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Boundary condition assignments<\/strong>: A boundary condition is usually only assigned to the domain\u2019s boundary. Each boundary condition must be linked to at least one surface or where something enters or exits the domain.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Boundary condition values<\/strong>: This is where we define the value of the condition (speed, temperature, force, etc.);<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='boundary-condition-types' id='boundary-condition-types' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"boundary-condition-types\">Boundary Condition Types<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">SimScale offers many boundary condition types for different types of applications. Boundary conditions are only displayed when they can be applied to the type of analysis being worked on. The following list shows the available boundary condition types, what each type means, and where they can be used. For advanced users, the page also shows how the boundary condition types translate to the solver input files.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id='fluid-dynamics' id='fluid-dynamics' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fluid-dynamics\">Fluid Dynamics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/custom\/\">Custom<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/empty-2d\/\">Empty 2D<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/fan\/\">Fan<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/natural-convection-inlet-outlet\/\">Natural convection inlet-outlet<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/periodic-boundary-condition\/\">Periodic<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/pressure-inlet-and-pressure-outlet\/\">Pressure inlet&nbsp;and Pressure outlet<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/symmetry\/#symmetry-boundary-condition-cfd\">Symmetry<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/velocity-inlet-and-velocity-outlet\/\">Velocity inlet&nbsp;and Velocity outlet<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/wall\/\">Wall<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/wedge\/\">Wedge<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/knowledge-base\/atmospheric-boundary-layer-inlet-incompressible-lbm\/\">Atmospheric boundary layer inlet<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Basic Boundary Conditions for CFD\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4OaDZRjTqtY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id='solid-mechanics' id='solid-mechanics' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"solid-mechanics\">Solid Mechanics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/base-excitation\/\">Base excitation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/bolt-preload\/\">Bolt preload<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/centrifugal-force\/\">Centrifugal force<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/cyclic-symmetry\/\">Cyclic symmetry<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/cylindrical-hinge-constraint\/\">Hinge constraint<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/elastic-support\/\">Elastic support<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/fixed-support-constraint-type\/\">Fixed support<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/fixed-value-boundary-condition-type\/\">Fixed valu<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/validation-cases\/circular-shaft-under-torque\/\">e<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/follower-pressure\/\">Follower pressure<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/force\/\">Force<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/nodal-load\/\">Nodal load<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/point-mass\/\">Point mass<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/distributed-mass\/\">Distributed mass<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/pressure\/\">Pressure<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/remote-displacement\/\">Remote displacement<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/remote-force\/\">Remote force<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/rotating-motion\/\">Rotating motion<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/surface-load\/\">Surface load<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/symmetry\/#symmetry-plane-boundary-condition-fea\">Symmetry plane<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/volume-load\/\">Volume load<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"FEA  Boundary Conditions\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/W4u3hYs2uPk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id='thermodynamics' id='thermodynamics' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"thermodynamics\">Thermodynamics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/convective-heat-flux\/\">Convective heat flux<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/temperature-fixed-value\/\">Fixed value temperature<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/surface-heat-flux\/\">Surface heat flux<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/volume-heat-flux\/\">Volume heat flux<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"electromagnetics\">Electromagnetics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/electromagnetics\/#fixed-potential-\">Fixed potential<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/electromagnetics\/#floating-potential\">Floating potential<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/electromagnetics\/#charge-density\">Charge density<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/electromagnetics\/#total-charge\">Total charge<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/electromagnetics\/#magnetic-field-normal\">Magnetic field normal<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/electromagnetics\/#magnetic-flux-tangential\">Magnetic flux tangential<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/analysis-types\/electromagnetics\/#radiation-heat-flux\">Radiation heat flux<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='creating-and-assigning-a-boundary-condition' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"creating-and-assigning-a-boundary-condition\">Creating and Assigning a Boundary Condition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To create a new boundary condition, click on the &#8216;<strong>+ button<\/strong>&#8216; next to <em>Boundary conditions<\/em>. Pick the desired one from the list:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-93.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"594\" nonce='a1bd816509593463484a74a0754bd8ab' nonce='c9c637588228b0ebfbaa849621e0d7cc' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-93.png\" alt=\"boundary condition creation\" class=\"wp-image-99298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-93.png 440w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-93-222x300.png 222w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 1: Creating a new boundary condition in SimScale<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After creating a boundary condition, assign the desired entities by clicking on them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-94.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"953\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-94.png\" alt=\"boundary condition assignment\" class=\"wp-image-99299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-94.png 953w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-94-300x161.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-94-768x413.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 953px) 100vw, 953px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 2: Assigning a pressure outlet boundary condition to a face<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All of the fluid dynamics boundary conditions are assigned to faces exclusively. For solid mechanics and thermodynamics, some boundary conditions can only be assigned to volumes, such as <em>Volume heat flux<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-95.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"795\" height=\"441\" nonce='a1bd816509593463484a74a0754bd8ab' nonce='c9c637588228b0ebfbaa849621e0d7cc' src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-95.png\" alt=\"volume heat flux boundary condition\" class=\"wp-image-99301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-95.png 795w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-95-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2025\/01\/image-95-768x426.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 795px) 100vw, 795px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Figure 3: Clicking on the part to assign a volume heat flux boundary condition<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lastly, some of the solid mechanics boundary conditions accept assignments of both faces and volumes, such as the <em>Rotating motion<\/em> boundary condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id='boundary-condition-values' class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"boundary-condition-values\">Boundary Condition Values<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For simple cases, boundary conditions are defined by a single value of a given variable (velocity, temperature, pressure&#8230;). For advanced cases where a fixed value is not enough, alternative techniques are available:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-simscale wp-block-embed-simscale\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"SxJxVAjJIm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/tables\/\">Tables<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Tables&#8221; &#8212; SimScale\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/tables\/embed\/#?secret=UnEdOsBNkp#?secret=SxJxVAjJIm\" data-secret=\"SxJxVAjJIm\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-simscale wp-block-embed-simscale\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"K9wOozQZMS\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/formulas\/\">Formulas<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Formulas&#8221; &#8212; SimScale\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/formulas\/embed\/#?secret=ABMn6bzdXy#?secret=K9wOozQZMS\" data-secret=\"K9wOozQZMS\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"boundary-condition-visualization\">Boundary Condition Visualization<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The boundary condition visualization tool shows the simulation setup in a visual format, helping users better understand and explain their configurations, especially when creating reports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-simscale wp-block-embed-simscale\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ZjX6O8fsFX\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/boundary-condition-visualization\/\">Boundary Condition Visualization<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Boundary Condition Visualization&#8221; &#8212; SimScale\" src=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simulation-setup\/boundary-conditions\/boundary-condition-visualization\/embed\/#?secret=F9zbP0DROD#?secret=ZjX6O8fsFX\" data-secret=\"ZjX6O8fsFX\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Boundary conditions define how a system, ( for example, a structure or a fluid ), interacts with the environment....","protected":false},"author":86,"featured_media":0,"parent":17179,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-documentation.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17047","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/86"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17047"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17047\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}