{"id":11226,"date":"2017-09-08T14:01:56","date_gmt":"2017-09-08T14:01:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/?p=11226"},"modified":"2023-12-01T15:05:14","modified_gmt":"2023-12-01T15:05:14","slug":"insulated-shipping-box-cold-chain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/blog\/insulated-shipping-box-cold-chain\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermal Packaging for Cold Chain: Insulated Shipping Box Design"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"341\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/coldchain-simulation.png\" alt=\"insulated shipping box simulation for cold chain thermal management\" class=\"wp-image-14913\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/coldchain-simulation.png 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/coldchain-simulation-300x133.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Imagine a world where you are limited to food that is grown locally. Until the late 1800s\u2014before the invention of the refrigerator truck\u2014products couldn\u2019t travel far before spoiling. Sophistication is an integral part of today\u2019s transport refrigeration units, which are&nbsp;shipping over 36 million loads of refrigerated products&nbsp;annually, worldwide. To preserve perishable goods on the long haul, companies in the pharmaceutical, medical, and food industries&nbsp;are increasingly relying on the &#8220;cold chain&#8221;\u2014a temperature-controlled logistical supply chain. To ensure that the cold chain is not interrupted, a reliable and secure insulated shipping box is indispensable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why You Should Care About Simulation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">The design of any product is a highly complex process, and designing refrigeration units is a good example of that. In order to keep the cold chain uninterrupted, the insulated shipping box design needs to satisfy multiple objectives, requirements, and constraints.&nbsp;In the traditional design&nbsp;process, the only way to ensure the durability of such a product is to perform a&nbsp;high number of design iterations until all criteria are met. That means a high number of physical prototypes and a time-consuming and expensive physical testing process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to the number of design iterations, the stage at which design changes need to be implemented is equally important; the earlier in the overall process, the cheaper a design change can be realized. This drastically narrows down the scope of possible design changes, making only small, incremental design modifications possible at a later stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/07\/design-process-with-simulation.png\" alt=\"design workflow\" class=\"wp-image-14807\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/07\/design-process-with-simulation.png 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/07\/design-process-with-simulation-300x125.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Of course, design iterations and physical testing cannot (and should not) be entirely eliminated from the product design process. However, with&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/content\/simwiki\/general\/whatiscae.html\">computer-aided engineering<\/a> (CAE)&nbsp;the days, weeks or months of physical testing are replaced with hours or&nbsp;sometimes even minutes of a simulation run.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">So how exactly would that apply to the engineering problem at hand? Here are a few compelling reasons to use simulation in the design of an insulated shipping box&nbsp;and predict its performance:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Reduced development costs<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Working with simulation software will help to significantly reduce the number of thermal tests that the packaging solution must undergo. This contributes to reducing the development costs by eliminating the need to manufacture a physical prototype while saving time and minimizing the environmental impact of laboratory testing, which consumes significant energy to simulate extreme hot and cold climatic conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Shorter time to market (TTM)<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Using a thermal simulation tool, engineers can reduce the number of design iterations and get the final packaging design to the market faster.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Reduced risk<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By simulating the efficiency of a packaging solution against logistic profiles not provided for initial qualification, designers can validate their design and increase its reliability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why SimScale?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">The benefits listed above beg the question: Why aren&#8217;t all designers using simulation yet?&nbsp;Several barriers have been preventing a more widespread adoption of simulation tools by engineers and designers\u2014and here\u2019s how SimScale is aiming to&nbsp;challenge this status quo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accessibility \u2013 Traditional software needs to be installed locally on a supercomputer, which just sits idly most of the time. With SimScale, all computations are done in the cloud\u2014all you need is a standard web browser.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Operating costs \u2013 Standard commercial tools are notoriously expensive. SimScale starts with a free Community Plan.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Know-how \u2013 Most modern tools are designed for experts. To bridge the knowledge gap, SimScale offers a large public project library, free training, and live support chat.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Engineering Problem: Insulated Shipping Box Design<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11342\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/cold-chain-cold.png\" alt=\"20% of goods are wasted annually duting shipping amounting to $750 billion\" width=\"264\" height=\"165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/cold-chain-cold.png 480w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/cold-chain-cold-300x188.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 264px) 100vw, 264px\" \/><\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cold chain systems are crucial to the growth of global trade in perishable products and the worldwide availability of food and health supplies. Global losses in the food industry due to poorly designed cold chain systems total more than $750 billion annually [3]. These losses primarily result from lack of proper facilities, improper food safety handling procedures, and insufficient training for that personnel working in the cold chain. The World Economic Forum lists food crises as fourth in its ranking of the top global risks for the next 10 years [1], and globally, billions of dollars are spent on improving agricultural processes to create higher food yields, but the fact that nearly half of all food never makes it to a consumer\u2019s plate is largely ignored [2].<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let&#8217;s consider how simulation can help engineers tackle this problem by improving the insulated shipping box design for the cold chain.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simulation Project<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Project Overview<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The purpose of this project is to perform an FEA (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/product\/structural-mechanics\/\">finite element analysis<\/a>) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/product\/thermal-analysis\/\">thermal simulation<\/a> on an insulated shipping box, with no conjugate heat transfer analysis necessary. We will also showcase the capabilities of SimScale with respect to heat transfer and thermal management.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The simulation project &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/projects\/bdelatti\/thermal_packaging_-_test\/\">Thermal Packaging for Cold Chain<\/a>&#8221;&nbsp;is part of our Public Projects Library and is freely available to view, copy, and modify. A realistic insulated shipping box design is considered for the simulation, as shown in the figure below:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/cold-chain-CAD-1.png\" alt=\"cold chain packaging insulated shipping box cad model\" class=\"wp-image-15007\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/cold-chain-CAD-1.png 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/cold-chain-CAD-1-300x152.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The CAD geometry was designed using the Onshape platform and consists of:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qty 1, molded PUR Base<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qty 1, molded PUR Lid<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qty 1, molded Inner Box<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Payload Area<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qty 21, refrigerant bricks &#8211; 12 at 2 at 5\u00b0C and 9 at 8\u00b0C<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this insulated shipping box design, the temperature is passively controlled by pre-conditioned frozen (-20\u00b0C) and liquid (5\u00b0C) refrigerants in combination with an insulated polyurethane (PUR) foam container (with inner product box).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simulation Setup<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"816\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/image2.png\" alt=\"mesh CAD file of insulated shipping box\" class=\"wp-image-11231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/image2.png 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/image2-282x300.png 282w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><span class=\"alignnone\" style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the simulation setup, a nonlinear transient heat transfer analysis type is selected to compute the temperature distribution on the entire body. The detailed procedure for the setup is&nbsp;as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A tet-dominated meshing algorithm is used to mesh the entire geometry. An automatic operation was performed with a moderate mesh fineness.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All the contacts were set as bonded contacts. For the actual model, we needed six pairs of contacts containing several faces, which were then grouped in topological entity sets.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The material properties pertaining to the following components are shown in the table below with their corresponding density, specific heat, and conductivity.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><b>Component<\/b><\/td><td><b>Material<\/b><\/td><td><b>Density kg\/m3<\/b><\/td><td><b>Specific heat [J\/(kg K)]<\/b><\/td><td><b>Conductivity [W\/(m K)]<\/b><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Base, lid and inner Bbx<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PUR<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">55.97 (adjusted)<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1500<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.025<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Refrigerant bricks at 5\u00b0C<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">941.14<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CSV file<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CSV file<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Refrigerant bricks at -20\u00b0C<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">619.41<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CSV file<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CSV file<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Payload<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adjusted<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">93.13<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4200<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.0533<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Air<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Air<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.225<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1005<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">0.0243<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The boundary condition is then set up with a convective heat flux applied to the outer surfaces of the insulated shipping box. The heat flux follows a temperature vs. time CSV file which corresponds to a 96-hour summer temperature profile.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simulation Results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The simulation results are visualized below:<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-15008 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/Temperature-distribution-after-96-hours.png\" alt=\"cold chain shipping package temperature distribution after 96 hours\" class=\"wp-image-15008\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/Temperature-distribution-after-96-hours.png 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/Temperature-distribution-after-96-hours-300x166.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Temperature distribution after 96 hours<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">The change in temperature for three internal payload points:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-15009 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"167\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/change-in-temperature-1.png\" alt=\"insulated shipping box change in temperature for three internal payload points\" class=\"wp-image-15009\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/change-in-temperature-1.png 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/change-in-temperature-1-300x65.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(1)&nbsp;bottom point inside the payload area, (2) top point, (3) middle point<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"548\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 422 \/ 548;\" width=\"422\" autoplay loop muted preload=\"none\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2023\/02\/temperature_wo_legend.mp4\" playsinline><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Animation of the temperature vs time<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignnone wp-image-15010 size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"463\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/Shipper-product-load-temperature.png\" alt=\"cold chain packaging insulated shipping box thermal management temperature change\" class=\"wp-image-15010\" srcset=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/Shipper-product-load-temperature.png 768w, https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/09\/Shipper-product-load-temperature-300x181.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Shipper product load temperature vs. time<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From the simulation results, we can see that the temperature monitored inside the payload area remained between 2\u00b0C and 8\u00b0C, which was the main goal of this analysis.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If we analyze the final temperatures at each point, we see that they are really close, especially the top and bottom ones. This is due to the design. We have a -20\u00b0C refrigerant brick between the inner box and the base on the bottom. As the side -20\u00b0C refrigerants don\u2019t reach the bottom of the inner box, it is important to have this -20\u00b0C brick as a barrier for the rising temperature from the bottom. We don\u2019t need it on the top as the -20\u00b0C refrigerants surround the top side of the inner box.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The minimum and final values of the temperature are shown in the table below.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Point Data<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Min. temperature [K]<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Temperature at the end [K]<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Top<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">278.02<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">281.19<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Middle<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">275.37<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">279.06<\/span><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bottom<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">275.62<\/span><\/td><td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">280.96<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This shows that this insulated shipping box&nbsp;design h<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">olds the temperature inside the payload area between 2\u00b0C to 8\u00b0C for the entire time profile of 96 hs.&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A new analysis can be done for a winter temperature profile simply by uploading a new temperature curve.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">The simulation has shown that, with the given 96 hours profile, the temperature profile of an insulated shipping box can be accurately simulated using a conduction approach. This case study illustrated how simulation can be useful<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for a quick evaluation of the initial design concepts, as well as subsequent design optimization. P<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">redictive modeling can save both time and money on insulated shipping box design and development, and deliver the final product to the market more quickly.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">In this case, we investigated making use of FEA to design thermal packaging for cold chain systems\u2014but this is just one example of how&nbsp;designers and engineers&nbsp;can apply simulation tools in the product development process. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/projects\/\">SimScale Public Projects Library<\/a> has a wide selection&nbsp;of templates simulating various applications of FEA and thermal analysis across many industries, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/industries\/automotive\/\">automotive and transportation<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/industries\/manufacturing\/\">manufacturing<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/industries\/industrial-equipment\/\">industrial equipment.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">Explore it by creating a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/product\/pricing\/\">free Community account<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SimScale&#8217;s<\/strong><strong> CEO David Heiny tests the capabilities of the platform to solve a real-life engineering problem. Fill in the form and watch this free webinar to learn more!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"hw-simwikiStripe\">    <picture>        <img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/frontend-assets.simscale.com\/media\/2017\/02\/cadalyst-webinar.png\" alt=\"Banner>\" \/>    <\/picture>\t<div class=\"hw-simwikiStripe__inner\">\t\t<a href=\"#\" class=\"btn2 btn2-default btn-banner-video\" data-video=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=O8ZyrUaR3-Y\" data-type=\"\" data-ref=\"blog\" data-collateral-name=\"Move Simulation to the Cloud - Cadalyst Webinar\" data-collateral-type=\"banner: video - webinar recording\" data-collateral-campaign=\"general\">Watch Webinar Recording <\/a>\t<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class='hw-references'><p class='hw-references__title'>References<\/p><ul class='hw-references__list'><li><cite><span style=\"font-weight: 400<\/cite><\/li><li><cite>\">World Economic Forum, Global Risks Report 2016, https:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/GRR\/WEF_GRR16.pdf<\/cite><\/li><li><cite>World Economic Forum 2013, Outlook on the Logistics and Supply Chain Industry 2013<\/cite><\/li><li><cite>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food wastage footprint: Impacts on Natural Resources, https:\/\/www.fao.org\/docrep\/018\/i3347e.pdf<\/cite><\/li><li><cite>Pharmaceutical Commerce 2015, The Cold Chain Directory 2015: The 2015 Biopharma Cold Chain Landscape, https:\/\/pharmaceuticalcommerce.com\/lib\/sitefiles\/pdf\/Cold_Chain_Dir_2015.pdf<\/cite><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Imagine a world where you are limited to food that is grown locally. Until the late 1800s\u2014before the invention of...","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":11340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1644],"tags":[29,624],"class_list":["post-11226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fea","tag-thermal-analysis","tag-webinar"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11226"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11226\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11340"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}